Opioid analgesics for chronic pain

References

Citations

  1. Rowbotham MC, et al. (2003). Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(13): 1223–1232.

  2. Dworkin, RH, et al. (2003). Advances in neuropathic pain: Diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations. Archives of Neurology, 60(11): 1524–1534.

  3. Carver A (2005). Pain. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 11, chap. 14. New York: WebMD.


Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPHLast Updated: February 22, 2007
Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Nancy Greenwald, MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

© 1995-2008 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.

Click here to learn about Healthwise

Topic Contents
 Examples
 How It Works
 Why It Is Used
 How Well It Works
 Side Effects
 What To Think About
 References